Symptomatic Bradycardia
Rules for Sinus
Bradycardia
Figure 31
| Regularity | R-R intervals are regular, overall rhythm is regular. |
| Rate | The rate is less than 60 bpm, but usually more than 40 bpm. |
| P Wave | There is one P wave in front of every QRS. The P waves appear uniform. |
| PR Interval | Measures between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds in duration. PR interval is consistent. |
| QRS Complex | Measures less than 0.12 seconds. |
Table 10
Rules for First Degree Heart Block
Figure 32
| Regularity | R-R intervals are regular, overall rhythm is regular. |
| Rate | The rate depends on the underlying rhythm. |
| P Wave | There is one P wave in front of every QRS. The P waves appear uniform. |
| P Interval | Measures more than 0.20 seconds in duration. PRI is consistent. |
| QRS Complex | Measures less than 0.12 seconds. |
Table 11
Rules for 2nd Degree Type I AV Block (Wenckebach/Mobitz I)
Figure 33
| Regularity | R-R interval is irregular, but there is usually a pattern to it. The R-R interval gets longer as the PR interval gets longer. |
| Rate | The ventricular rate is usually slightly higher than the atrial rate due to some atrial beats not being conducted. The atrial rate is usually normal. |
| P Wave | P waves are upright and uniform. Most complexes will have a P wave in front of them; however, there will be some that do not have a P wave. |
| PR Interval | PR interval gets progressively longer until there is a dropped QRS complex. |
| QRS Complex | Measures less than 0.12 seconds. |
Table 12
Rules for 2nd Degree Type II AV Block (Mobitz II)
Figure 34
| Regularity | If there is a consistent conduction ratio, then the R-R interval will be regular. If the conduction ratio is not constant, the R-R interval will be irregular. |
| Rate | The atrial rate is normal. The ventricular rate is slower, usually 1/2 to 1/3 slower than the atrial rate. |
| P Wave | P waves are upright and uniform. There is not a QRS following every P wave. |
| P Interval | PR interval can only be measured on conducted beats, and it is usually constant across the strip. It may or may not be longer than a normal PR interval (0.12 seconds |
| QRS Complex | Measures less than 0.12 seconds. |
Table 13
Rules for 3rd
Degree AV Block
Complete Heart Block
Figure 35
| Regularity | R-R interval is regular. P-P interval is also regular. |
| Rate | The atrial rate is regular and normally 60 to 100. Rate of QRS complexes is dependent on the focus. If the focus is ventricular, the rate will be 20 to 40. If the focus is junctional, the rate will be 40 to 60. |
| P Wave | P waves are upright and uniform. There is not a QRS following every P wave. |
| PR Interval | PR interval can only be measured on conducted beats, and it is usually constant across the strip. It may or may not be longer than a normal PR interval (0.12 seconds). |
| QRS Complex | Interval may be normal but is more likely to be prolonged. |
Table 14
Symptomatic Bradycardia
Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute. While any heart rate less than 60 beats per minute is considered bradycardia, not every individual with bradycardia is symptomatic or having a pathological event. Individuals in excellent physical shape often have sinus bradycardia. Symptomatic bradycardia may cause a number of signs and symptoms including low blood pressure, pulmonary edema, and congestion, abnormal rhythm, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and/or confusion. Symptomatic bradycardia should be treated with the ACLS Survey. If bradycardia is asymptomatic but occurs with an arrhythmia listed below, obtain a consultation from a cardiologist experienced in treating rhythm disorders.
Symptoms of Bradycardia
- Shortness of breath
- Altered mental status
- Hypotension
- Pulmonary edema/congestion
- Weakness/dizziness/lightheadedness
Symptomatic Bradycardia Review
Sinus Bradycardia
- Normal rhythm with slow rate
First Degree AV Block
- PR interval is longer than 0.20 seconds
Type I Second Degree AV Block
- PR interval increases in length until QRS complex is dropped
Type II Second Degree AV Block
- Constant PR intervals (may be prolonged) before a random QRS is dropped
Third Degree AV Block
- PR and QRS are not coordinated with each other